Concurrency in easy way - part 2

Previous, blog ( Concurrency in easy way - part 1 ), analog the balls as the threads. First, let know about the process.

A process generally has a complete, private set of basic run-time resources; in particular, each process has its own memory space. And threads are lightweight processes. Analogy if process is a PM, thread can be think as CM of a country.

More simple way, thread is a task which are involved in program. Both processes and threads provide an execution environment, but creating a new thread requires fewer resources than creating a new process.

In java, there are two ways to create threads for concurrency application.

First way

Controlling the thread management directly.

Extending the Thread Class:

• Create a new class by extending the Thread class.

• Override the run() method to define the code executed by the thread.

• Instantiate your thread class and call its start() method to begin execution.

    class MyThread extends Thread {
        public void run() {
            System.out.println("Thread Started Running...");
        }
    }
  
    public class Main {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            MyThread t1 = new MyThread();
            t1.start();  // Starts the thread, which executes run()
        }
    }
  

Implementing the Runnable Interface:

• Create a class that implements the Runnable interface.

• Implement the run() method to specify the thread task.

• Pass an instance of this class to a Thread constructor.

• Call the start() method on the Thread object to run it.

    class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
        public void run() {
            System.out.println("Thread is Running Successfully");
        }
    }
  
    public class Main {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            MyRunnable runnable = new MyRunnable();
            Thread t1 = new Thread(runnable);
            t1.start();
        }
    }
  

Second Way

Abstracting the thread management ( indirectly ) by Java Executor Framework.

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class ThreadPoolExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);

        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            int taskNo = i;
            executorService.submit(() -> {
                System.out.println("Running task " + taskNo + " on thread " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            });
        }

        executorService.shutdown();
    }
}

Note

1. Here, the thread & process context according to Java Programming language.

2. More details of Executors framework will be covered later.

3. PM - Prime Minister, CM - Chief Minister.

References

1. https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/concurrency/procthread.html

2. https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/concurrency/threads.html

3. https://www.perplexity.ai/search/direct-way-of-managing-threads-Qh89l8YURS.GcCs7.d2L_Q